Peradaban Islam Masa Khalifah Utsman bin Affan (24-36 H/644-656 M)

Abstract

This study aims to examine Islamic civilization during the caliphate of Uthman bin Affan (24-36 H/644-656 AD). The main focus of the research is to understand the political, social, economic, and cultural developments that occurred during Uthman bin Affan's reign, as well as their impact on the advancement of Islamic civilization. The research employs a library research method, utilizing sources such as history books, journal articles, ancient manuscripts, and related documents, with content analysis as the analytical tool. The results indicate that the caliphate of Uthman bin Affan was a significant period in the development of Islamic civilization. Key findings include political achievements, where Uthman bin Affan successfully expanded the Islamic territory to Persia and North Africa, despite facing internal challenges such as rebellions and dissatisfaction among certain groups. In the social and economic spheres, significant economic growth was observed, marked by increased trade and infrastructure development such as roads and bridges. However, there was social discontent due to unequal wealth distribution. Culturally, Uthman initiated the writing and compilation of the Qur'an into a single official manuscript, a major achievement in the preservation of the Islamic holy text. This also strengthened the dissemination of Islamic teachings in newly conquered territories.