Islam and Cultural Diversity: A Study of Harmony Multiculturalism in Indonesia

Abstract

This study examines the role of Islam in fostering multicultural harmony in Indonesia, a nation characterized by its cultural, ethnic, and religious diversity. As the majority religion, Islam has made a significant contribution to shaping inclusive and tolerant patterns of social interaction. Islamic values such as justice, respect for differences (ikhtilaf), and the principle of tasamuh serve as ethical foundations that encourage harmonious relations among diverse groups. This study explores how these values are implemented within Indonesian society through religious practices, pesantren education, the roles of ulama, and Islamic organizations that actively promote moderation and dialogue. Using a qualitative approach supported by literature analysis and case studies in several multicultural communities, the findings indicate that Islam functions as an integrative force capable of bridging differences and strengthening social cohesion. Nevertheless, challenges such as stereotypes, the politicization of religion, and the influence of intolerant ideologies remain threats that require serious attention. This study underscores the importance of strengthening multicultural education based on moderate Islamic values to ensure the sustainability of social harmony amid the dynamic changes occurring in Indonesian society.