PAI's Ecological Critique of the Causes of the Sumatra Floods and the Solution

Abstract

This study aims to conduct an in-depth ecological critique of the recurring flood phenomenon in Sumatra from the perspective of Islamic Religious Education (IRE). Floods are not merely viewed as natural disasters, but as manifestations of an environmental ethical crisis rooted in the failure to implement the fundamental principles of Islamic teachings in human–nature relations. This research employs a qualitative approach using a critical-conceptual framework and literature analysis, drawing on the theories of Khilafah fil Ard (human stewardship on Earth) and Hifzh al-Bi'ah (environmental preservation) to examine anthropogenic causes of flooding, such as deforestation, illegal land conversion, and exploitative practices that disrupt ecological balance. The findings reveal inconsistencies between the values of Islamic Religious Education, which emphasize ecological responsibility, and the environmentally destructive behaviors observed in practice. The study underscores the urgency of reorienting the IRE curriculum toward the cultivation of akhlaqul karimah (noble character) in relation to the environment. Therefore, this study suggests that future researchers develop and empirically examine a Green IRE model that integrates spiritually grounded disaster mitigation education and ecological awareness, positioning Islamic Religious Education as a strategic instrument in flood prevention efforts and the restoration of environmental ethics in Sumatra.